We began this investigation with the hypothesis that the standard Cox assumption of proportional hazards, if inappropriate, might substantively affect estimation of survival.
In addition, studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of inexpensive ways to improve indoor ventilation to reduce lung cancer risk and mortality in populations that burn coal, which might substantively lower the disease burden in other parts of the developing world.
Alternatively, we might define arbitrariness substantively: power is arbitrary, on this second view, when it fails to track the "welfare and world-view" of those affected (Pettit 1997, 56).
Our data thus provide a partial mechanistic explanation for the increase risk for CV events reported in ADAPT, but they also suggest that this risk from NSAID use might not be substantively mitigated by co-administration of ASA, at least in those over 70 years of age.
Whilst we feel that the involvement of different stakeholders might not have substantively changed the nature of indicators ultimately selected for the system-wide performance dashboard, we are aware that it may have affected the perceived validity of the structure and outputs of our framework.
Second, the bent-closed (low-affinity) conformation displays very low binding in other assays [5], [6], [7], so this conformation might not have been sampled substantively in our experiments.
Our fixed-effects approach addresses this problem by controlling for all time-invariant factors, but it does not tell us substantively what historical characteristics might be important.
Spalding's jaunt was an early example of the globalization of sports (the Olympics weren't far behind), but Lamster's history, while thorough and detailed, doesn't substantively address what its reception might have suggested about overseas attitudes toward America's burgeoning cultural clout.
Substantively, North Korea conceded little today, but it might have improved its image with the South Korean public.
You might wonder, however, whether this latter kind of account really differs substantively from that of a nativist.
So parents' choices must not substantively diminish the future options for their children, though they might in some way alter the range or nature of those futures possibilities.
