Taken the above together, long-term treatment with an ordinary dose of pitavastatin may increase circulating EPC number, which might be partially related to its direct effects on eNOS activation in EPCs and indirect effects by elevation of systemic VEGF.
It needs to be established in future studies whether increased circulating adiponectin might be a compensatory response to limit proinflammatory effects of progranulin.
Because NGAL concentrations were positively correlated with several adiposity variables, including BMI, waist circumference, and percent body fat, some authors suggested that the increased fat mass might also account for the increased circulating concentrations of this protein in obese humans (55).
(2) Increased circulating GC levels might play a role in upregulating the SS mRNA in the rat PeN during hypoxia.
This suggests that the increased circulating IL-7 might depend on the production by the immune system cell, such as T and B lymphocytes [4].
Additionally, increased circulating soluble Tie2 (sTie2) might counteract TEM functions in CLI patients (Patel et al, 2013).
Increased circulating bile acids might contribute to increased energy expenditure because cholic acid administration has been shown to increase energy expenditure by signaling through TGR5 in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (Watanabe et al., 2006).
Recently, it has been suggested that increased circulating sclerostin levels might protect dialysis patients from cardiovascular calcification, and that low bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity may be the causal pathway [ 32].
Another mechanism by which parity and OCs might reduce ovarian cancer risk is by increasing circulating progesterone levels.
Thus, in the context of muscular dystrophy, increased circulating levels of IL-6 might synergize with other factors, creating an hostile microenvironment and exacerbating the dystrophic phenotype.
