"By reducing the size of the tick population, one would not only directly decrease human risk, but also decrease the rate at which mice are infected.
An increase in doubling time was observed for M 2-knockdown mouse SFs, which could be an indication that M2 might directly or indirectly decrease cell proliferation ability via interacting with other genes.
Given that Notch signaling directly regulates α-SMA and collagen I transcription (Tang et al., 2008; Hu et al., 2014), we could not formally exclude that RBP-J deficiency in macrophages might directly result in decreased production of α-SMA and collagen I derived from macrophages in fibrotic kidney.
On the one hand, Tyk2/IFN signaling might directly lead to decreased metabolism, possibly because upregulation of immune function shuts down other energetically demanding processes [ 22, 23].
Reducing the energy usage directly decreases the operational cost.
Musculoskeletal pain might directly or indirectly interfere with or decrease the physical activity levels of people with diabetes.
While the presence of the constitutive promoter might directly account for the observed slight increase in background expression level, the decrease in gene induction levels might be explained by an insufficient concentration of M2-transactivator generated by the PGK-promoter.
A second explanation of how MARS might affect the systemic characteristics of portal hypertension is that it might directly target the active, modifiable component of the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance by a decrease in the intrahepatic action of vasoconstrictors [ 16, 42].
Thus, the Warburg effect might directly contribute to the initiation of cancer formation - not only by enhanced glycolysis - but also via decreased respiration in the presence of oxygen, which suppresses apoptosis.
Without evidence, Wolf argued they might "directly threaten" his constituents.
