It might be catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase with consumption of NADH in S. putrefaciens, thus the activity of S. putrefaciens also might be inhibited with the transformation of cinnamaldehyde.
As the pigment components extracted from the fermentation broth and mature cells were also remained unchanged (Fig. 5a, b), it could be induced that the transformation of pigment components in the extractive cultivation might be catalyzed by the intracellular enzymes that were relating to pigment conversion.
However, bioinformatic search do not indicate that APT-2 homologue exists in yeast, suggesting that in this organism Ras deacylation might be catalyzed by another still unidentified thioesterase protein [18].
Activation-loop phosphorylation might be catalyzed by upstream kinases or occurs by autophosphorylation in cis or in trans.
As an alternative explanation, additional vital reactions might be catalyzed by the enzyme, apart from those for sulfur acquisition.
Furthermore, ornithine might be catalyzed rapidly by ornithine de carboxy lase to synthesize putrescine, which is the com mitted reaction in the synthesis of polyamines.
Taken together, these data suggest that, in the absence of a clear amphioxus Lrat ortholog, retinol esterification in amphioxus might be catalyzed by Dgat, an enzyme that might have hence played a key role in the biosynthesis of retinyl esters in the ancestral chordate.
Our previous findings indicate that exposure of U937 cells to UA resulted in increase in PP2A levels, raising the possibility that UA-mediated ezrin dephosphorylation might be catalyzed by PP2A through Rho-ROCK1 pathway, suggesting that the impact of Rho-ROCK1 signaling on ezrin dephosphorylation may be indirect.
It has been over 40 years since Herrmann and Repke first proposed that the saturation of the lactone ring of digoxin might be catalyzed by the gut microbiome, after demonstrating drug inactivation following ex vivo incubation with rat and human fecal samples.
In view of the presence of large number of protein kinases in human genome, it is tempting to speculate that formation of these dehydro amino acids might be catalyzed by type IV lantibiotic-like pathways involving kinase and phosphothreoine lyase activity.
