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To minimize the concern that possible phylogenetic uncertainty might affect rate estimation, we performed maximum likelihood estimation on the Kurtzman-topology by using the same set of taxa.
There are at least three general types of explanation that might affect rate, the first is a general increase (or decrease) in mutation rate; the second is a change in the number of sites "free to vary" (i.e., a change in selection pressures); and the third is variations in the mechanisms that might, for example, lead to double-stranded breaks and subsequent repair.
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This might affect rates of coevolution between mitochondria and nuclear genes (e.g., Hill 2014), with possible fitness consequences (Montooth et al. 2010; Meiklejohn et al. 2013).
How might that affect rates for land?
Second, policies affecting socioeconomic inequalities, social cohesion, antisocial behaviour and welfare policies to improve support for disadvantaged families, might also affect rates of maltreatment or violence.
Selection for faster growth might also affect rates of natural mortality by increasing foraging intensity and risk-taking behaviors (Lee 1912; Ricker 1969; Kristiansen and Svåsand 1998; Walker et al. 1998; Mangel and Stamps 2001).
For example, a rise in global temperature might affect the rate at which pools dry out, which in turn could affect the growth and development rates of aquatic insects and amphibians inhabiting these pools [2].
However, we did not model the change in diameter and cannot predict with confidence how it might affect the rate.
Another factor that might affect response rate is tracking of responses, which refers to determining whether each potential participant has responded or not.
To test how models affect the community, I used a multi-agent simulation of treatment selection and outcome in a patient population to examine how various levels of pre-publication review might affect the rate of scientific progress.
The different methods and directions of file transfer might affect the rate.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com