Exact(5)
Midpoint populations were sampled at 3 × 1011 total genomes.
Special thanks to L. Anderson for efficiency and care in sequencing of three midpoint populations.
In the two cases where there is evidence that the additional changes were adaptive (1702 and 581), they were seen only in the midpoint populations.
CI was evident in three of the four midpoint populations from control and benign treatments, and all three of these had mutations that were not seen among the endpoint isolates.
In four of the five lines where we sequenced isolates from the midpoint populations, we found genotypes that were no longer present in the endpoint population, which we refer to as 'lost.' Furthermore, from measuring the selection coefficients of one of these lost individuals we found that mutations with relatively large selection coefficients can be lost.
Similar(55)
In the midpoint population of control line 1, only C788T was detected, while in the midpoint population of benign line 1 there were four genotypes, including C788T.
The national population was taken from the General Register Office for Scotland's midpoint population estimates.
We derived the number of tuberculosis notifications per 100,000 population using midpoint population denominator estimates for each state taken from the 2006 census (7 ).
To estimate prevalence of hospitalizations, we used age- and sex-specific US census data for participating states during the study period; both individual years and midpoint population (average of 2001 2002 census population estimates) were used as appropriate.
Another pattern that would support the occurrence of CI under our experimental conditions is the observation of mutations in a midpoint population that were not seen in the endpoint population of the same line.
In the harsh environment, there was no evidence of CI in the midpoint population, and although there was one mutation that was not observed in the endpoint population, that mutation was a synonymous mutation with no independent evidence of being adaptive.
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