After surgical preparation, each animal was placed in supine decubitus and a midline laparotomy was performed.
Under aseptic conditions, a 3-cm midline laparotomy was performed to allow exposure of the cecum with the adjoining intestine.
Briefly, after shaving and under aseptic conditions, a 2-cm midline laparotomy was performed to allow exposure of the cecum.
A midline laparotomy was performed to identify and ligate the cecum followed by a single puncture (18-gauge needle).
A midline laparotomy was performed, followed by a gastrostomy to drain gastric contents, and a splenectomy to avoid spleen contraction during the hemorrhage.
Briefly, rats were anaesthetized with ketamine and, under aseptic conditions, a 3-cm midline laparotomy was performed to allow for exposure of the caecum with the adjoining intestine.
In 16 animals (bowel O2 model), a 2-cm midline laparotomy was additionally performed to allow insertion of an 18-gauge cannula into the jejunum to which it was secured by a suture.
A midline laparotomy was performed and the cecum was located.
Midline laparotomy was performed and an infected fibrin clot was inserted in the peritoneum.
After a midline laparotomy was performed, a miniature temperature datalogger (SubCue, Calgary, Alberta, Canada) was inserted in the peritoneal cavity and sutured to the lateral abdominal wall.
