Sentence examples for middle trophic levels from inspiring English sources

The food webs of freshwater and marine ecosystems are highly size-structured, and fishes often occupy the upper and middle trophic levels in such ecosystems.

In contrast, the influence of large-scale climate was significantly weaker at the middle trophic level than at either the top or bottom trophic levels.

Direct density dependence was slightly stronger at the middle trophic level (moose) than at the top or bottom levels, though none of the tests for differences between these coefficients was significant.

Both of these adaptations mediate the ecological interactions within the predator guild and across trophic levels.

Most food chains consist of three or four trophic levels.

Thus, the presence of just a few top predators has numerous effects – direct and indirect – that cascade down the trophic levels within an ecosystem.

Because anacondas straddle so many trophic levels in a single lifetime, the snakes are especially vulnerable to biomagnification of contaminants like mercury, meaning anacondas are probably absorbing the cumulative mercury from many lower levels of the food chain.

Fig. 2 Dual isotope plots of fish by trophic roles and trophic levels (TL) at the three study sites.

Ground beetles were divided into predatory and phytophagous trophic levels.

The variability of δ13C and δ15N among and between trophic guilds provides evidence of the diversity of coexisting trophic levels and trophic pathways in a single habitat type.

The number of trophic levels in the marine and aquatic realms is greater than on land.