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The present work deals with the development of chromium based oxy-nitride hard coatings (Cr1 − xAlx ON on tool steel AISI 420 (X42Cr13, 1.2083) using middle frequency (mf) pulsed magnetron sputtering (MS) PVD technology.
In the Bode spectra, three time constants are evident, namely, two time constants at high frequency (HF) low frequency (LF) regions and other time constant at middle frequency (MF) (Fig. 3d).
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A middle-frequency (MF) loop appears as the cathodic polarization of the carbon electrode increases, whose characteristics are potential dependent.
The drawback, low deposition rate, of the HiPIMS can be improved by superimposing the middle-frequency (MF) pulses during the off-time of HiPIMS pulsing.
A middle-frequency (MF) unbalanced magnetron sputtering system equipped with an electron source was designed and used for deposition of CrN thick films under various MF power (1.4 14 kW) at fixed temperature, pressure, and gas flow rate.
In this work, an effective way to improve the deposition rate of TiN film by superimposing the middle-frequency (MF) pulses during off-time of HiPIMS pulsing was discussed.
The combination of superimposition and hybrid target powers using a superimposed high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) power and middle-frequency (MF) power system, together with the hybrid of direct-current (DC) and radio-frequency (RF) powers was adopted in this work to grow CrTiBN hard coatings.
Fig. 7 Averaged meridional wind at an altitude of 84 km observed by Wakkanai middle-frequency (MF) radar with intervals of 4 km and 30 min for altitude and time, respectively.
Based on a comparison of atmospheric parameters of the upper mesosphere provided by satellites and a middle-frequency (MF) radar in northern Hokkaido (Wakkanai) with the cloud distribution obtained from the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite, this particular event is considered to be the result of southward advection of the NLC from a higher-latitude (i.e., colder) region.
The '262.144 kHz (MF; middle frequency) sampling rate and 120 kHz anti-aliasing filter's threshold mode' is a redundant mode for the UHR frequency determination.
Mote frequency (MF) increased as plant density increased, and fiber quality was the best at the middle of the locule regardless of plant density.
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