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Open image in new window Fig. 18 Chronic middle ear inflammation.
Open image in new window Fig. 24 Chronic middle ear inflammation with cholesteatoma.
This is called myringosclerosis Open image in new window Fig. 20 Chronic middle ear inflammation.
In the setting of chronic middle ear inflammation, cholesteatomas arise as the result of tympanic membrane retraction or perforation [24, 25].
However, the prevalence of ear infections increased significantly between 1980 and 1996, and this may suggest that the current approach to preventing and treating middle ear inflammation is not adequate [2, 3].
The classical clinical findings include progressive CHL up to about 50 60 dB, absent stapedial reflexes, a normal tympanic membrane and no evidence of middle ear inflammation [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].
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The diagnosis of AOM required 1) a history of acute onset, 2) presence of middle-ear effusion and 3) signs and symptoms of middle-ear inflammation [ 5].
AOM diagnostic criteria were:1) acute onset of signs and symptoms including fever, otalgia, irritability; 2) the presence of MEF; and 3) recent onset (within 72 hours) of signs and symptoms of middle-ear inflammation.
We defined AOM as an acute illness with at least one symptom (fever, rhinorrhea, cough, otalgia, irritability, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, or diarrhea) and at least two otoscopic findings of middle-ear inflammation (injection, opacity, fullness, or impaired mobility) or purulent otorrhea.
When functioning normally, the Eustachian tube protects the middle ear against inflammation and infection by viruses, bacteria and gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Otitis media (OM) is a middle ear infection associated with inflammation and pain.
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