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Sound is passed from the eardrum through the middle ear bones to the inner ear, where the nerve impulses for hearing are created.
They also share skeletal mammal traits, such as a single bone in the lower jaw – the dentary – and three middle ear bones called the malleus, incus and stapes.
Hadrocodium is the earliest creature in which the middle ear bones have detached from the rest of the jaw, allowing them to hear clearly while chewing.
Like other mammals, however, monotremes have a single bone in their lower jaw, three middle ear bones, high metabolic rates, hair, and they produce milk to nourish the young.
In other mammals of the time, the middle ear bones were still joined to the lower jaw, and until now, paleontologists thought the advanced ear structure evolved 40 million years later.
So, over time, the synapsids' quadrate-articular jaw joint (which the rest of the tetrapods possess) was replaced by a dentary-squamosal joint (which all living mammals possess), while the quadrate and articular migrated, shrank, and became part of the complex of middle ear bones.
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One middle ear bone rests in the structure known as the vestibular fenestra.
Contrary to present external microphones, the proposed middle ear microphone does not measure the sound pressure but the acoustic deflection of a middle ear bone caused by an incoming pressure wave at the ear drum.
"If your imaging equipment has sufficient high resolution, you can construct virtually any intricate shape you want — for example, the middle ear bone, creating an exact duplicate," he said.
Thanks to these modifications, the bony strut began to resemble the stapes, the middle ear bone that derived from it.
Furry like a squirrel but bearing a reptilelike jaw structure, with the middle ear bone fused to the lower jaw bone, little Megaconus mammaliaformis walked among (or ran in terror from) the feathered dinosaurs of the Jurassic period.
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