The formulation of the geometrical stiffness presented here is exactly defined on the mid-surface and is efficient for analyzing stability problems of thin and thick laminated plates, and shells by incorporating bending moment and transverse shear resultant forces.
The present study shows that increasing discharge rates and BCs results in increase in the maximum and average surface temperatures at the three locations (near the anode, cathode, and mid surface of the body).
Three heat flux sensors are placed at different locations on the principle surface of the battery: the first near the anode, the second near the cathode, and the third at the mid surface of the body.
Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI), probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at 6 sites (both vestibular and oral aspects of the mesial, distal and mid surfaces) per tooth from all teeth in the dentition by a periodontist, as previously described [31].
The governing partial differential equation with first-order shear deformation theory in terms of mid-surface displacements and shear rotations can be expressed in series equations by the GDQ formulation.
Through cell-by-cell analysis, we showed that a mixture model best represents the small cell population, which comprises cells with low-surface expression, mid-surface expression, and high-surface expression.
We analyze the thermal buckling of cracked FGM plates for both cases: (a) the mid-surface coincides neutral surface, and (b) they are different between each other, and then showing their influence.
Unlike existing works, the difference between neutral surface and mid-surface of FGM plates is taken into account in the present study.
Through these results, it reveals the necessity to consider the difference between neutral surface and mid-surface in thermal buckling analysis.
Shear deformations on the mid-surface are considered and modeled by means of a polynomial approximation.
We apply an exact but dimensionally reduced geometry description based on a computer-aided design (CAD) derived mid-surface NURBS model and a layerwise through-thickness B-spline description.
