Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that neck and mid back pain intensity significantly differed from the intensity of pain in more than one spinal area (p = 0.010 and p = 0.024, respectively).
Mid-intensity (1.3 J/cm2) LISW prolonged shock (sBP < 50 mmHg and shock index 1.5 times) beyond 10 min after LISW, and six of 16 mice died within 15 min.
We therefore restricted our assessment to two scenarios: a 'most likely' weak ash plume based on recent historical eruptions of 1866 70, 1925 26 and 1939 40, and a 'largest considered' sub-Plinian event, based on evidence of significant pumice generation in the eruption of 726 AD and on geological records that suggest Santorini is capable of powerful mid-intensity explosive eruptions.
Figure 2 shows that the survival rates of each group at 1 h after LISW significantly decreased as the dose of LISW increased, and lethality was most evident within 15 min after LISW in mid-intensity (1.3 J/cm2) and high-intensity (1.4 J/cm2) groups, whereas none of the mice died after 15 min.
Next, we demonstrated that flies with activated serotonergic cells progressed to mid-intensity aggression faster, exhibiting high numbers of lunges throughout fights, including after the establishment of dominance.
All pairs of flies in which serotonergic neurons were activated in this way displayed mid-intensity aggression, and 90% of the pairings resulted in the establishment of dominance relationships.
Despite increases in the number of interactions between the flies, fights did not escalate to mid-intensity levels (no lunges or holding were observed) in the experimental group at the higher temperature.
Thus, at the restrictive temperature, fights between pairs of experimental flies could escalate to mid-intensity levels, but the frequency of usage of these behavioral patterns was dramatically reduced.
The individual behavioral patterns scored for each fly included: low-intensity behavioral components (approach, front and side fencing, wing threat, retreat and pursuit); mid-intensity components (lunge, hold, chase, charge); and non-aggressive components (preening and male-male courtship).
