The liquid flow in the deformable porous medium was analyzed, by means of confocal microscopy, which demonstrated liquid drainage from the mat as a function of temperature.
The crystal quality of the NWs was evaluated using electron microscopy, which demonstrate nearly planar defect-free wurtzite and zinc-blende structure for the 10- and 20-nm Au NP-catalyzed GaAs NWs.
The interaction between CD80 and IRAK-M was confirmed by immunofluorescent microscopy, which demonstrated that at baseline, there was significant co-localization of CD80 and IRAK-M.
The cells were then imaged by live confocal microscopy, which demonstrated that the majority of the SPIONs were loaded into the lysosomes after 20 min of DMF treatment.
These data were confirmed by analyses of biopsies with polarized microscopy, which demonstrated the presence of typical hyaline collagen fibrils parallel to the surface of the biopsy with a normal cartilage cell organization.
TNF trafficking via the endosomal pathway in BMDMs was investigated by confocal microscopy, which demonstrated reduced levels of intracellular TNF (Fig. 2C, supplementary material Fig. S9) and significantly less colocalisation of TNF-positive vesicles with EEA1 in Optn −/− BMDMs (Fig. 2D).
It is in accord with the X-ray and electron microscopy results, which demonstrate that the EC1 dimer is central to homotypic cadherin interaction.
In vitro cellular uptakes of such NPs were investigated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which demonstrated much higher internalization of the folate-decorated QDs-loaded PLA-TPGS/TPGS-COOH NPs by MCF-7 breast cancer cells which are of over-expression of folate receptors than the cellular uptake by NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells which are of low expression of folate receptors.
Next we assessed the assembled clostridial chimera using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which demonstrated uniform dumbbell-shaped particles.
This distribution is in line with previous fluorescence and electron microscopy data, which demonstrate the polar localization of PilQ (Seitz and Blokesch, 2013) and pili (Salzer et al., 2014c).
