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Finally, electron microscopy of glomeruli from transgenic mice showed extensive podocyte foot process effacement.
Electron microscopy of glomeruli in SCD patients with proteinuria or the nephrotic syndrome show effacement of the podocyte foot processes, with occasional wrinkling of the capillary wall, usually associated with partial or complete mesangial interposition [ 8].
Comment: Genetic analysis is the diagnostic method of choice because it enables screening of symptomatic or at-risk family members, and may obviate the need for a kidney biopsy or in case electron microscopy of glomeruli is not available.
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In addition, electron microscopy (EM) of glomeruli is not always available.
They have at least 10 times better resolution than light microscopy sections, and due to the many interfaces and curved nature of glomeruli, 2-photon or confocal light microscopy would lose even more resolution.
Strikingly different from previously published data obtained with full-field microscopy [ 21] are the quite strong responses of glomeruli T1-29 and T1-37 for both 1-Hexanol and 1-Octanol.
On light microscopy, 9 glomeruli were observed, none of which were sclerotic.
The recorded maps are shown in Figure 2 and reproduce features which have already been observed by conventional single-photon fluorescence microscopy [ 9], such as the very broad response of glomeruli T1-28, T1-33, and T1-17 to all tested odors.
Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated bright (3 4+; on a scale of 0 4) linear staining of glomeruli, Bowman's capsules and tubular basement membranes for kappa light chain.
CGN is defined pathologically (for most glomerular diseases) when >50% of glomeruli have crescents, which are identified on light microscopy by the presence of at least two layers of cells in Bowman's space.
The biopsy specimen for light microscopy contained 15 glomeruli, of which three were globally sclerosed and one had a segmental sclerotic lesion.
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