The formulations were characterized using dynamic light scattering, microscopy, in vitro lipolysis and viscometric measurements.
Three types of microspheres were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, in vitro drug release kinetics, MSC uptake and internalization: alginate alone (Alg), alginate-graft-poly ethylene glycol) (alginate-graft-poly ethylenet-poly(ethylene glycol)-S-S-alginate-graft-poly ethyleneid (AlglycolD).
The optimized formula having the lowest particle size, polydispersity index, the highest zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency was subjected to further investigations including characterization of its rheological properties, elasticity, transmission electron microscopy, in vitro diffusion, ex vivo permeation, histopathology and in vivo biodistribution.
Diagnosis of VL was based on presence of typical clinical features of VL i.e. fever with rigors and chills, splenomegaly, weight loss and pancytopenia followed by demonstration of parasites by parasitological methods (light microscopy, in vitro culture) using splenic aspirates [27].
The natural fluorescence of doxorubicin (DOX, Sigma-Aldrich) allows it to be localized by fluorescence microscopy in vitro [ 61].
SSS carried out starch extraction and purification, SBE activity assay, polarization light microscopy, in vitro starch degradation analysis and prepared text and figures relative to these experiments.
Atomic force microscopy and in vitro drug release studies were done on selected formulae.
Quantitative microscopy enables in vitro investigation of cartilage structure but determination of tissue functional properties necessitates experimental mechanical testing.
Wang et al. used folate receptor functionalized ORMOSI nanoparticles entrapped a hydrophobic two-photon absorbing fluorenyl dye for two-photon fluorescence microscopy bioimaging in vitro.
The systems were characterized by testing their entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy and in vitro drug release.
Scanning electron microscopy and in vitro studies consisting of drug release and cytotoxicity in 4T1 breast cancer cells followed by in vivo biodistribution and blood cytotoxicity were carried out.
