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We characterized the petrography of the PTSs by using a combination of petrographic microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis, and reflectance spectroscopy.
Their pore structure, phase distribution, and mechanical strength were determined by mercury porosimetry, electron microscopy, electron probe micro-analyzer, and three-point bend test, respectively.
The interfacial reactions between the glass and alumina were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy.
The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scratch adhesion testing and erosion testing.
Characterization of the films showed the graphite phase dispersed into the Ag matrix, analyzed by optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction.
All the coated samples were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro analyser, bend test and potentiodynamic polarisation test in 0.2 N H2SO4 solution.
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Characterization of the wear tracks was done by scanning electron microscopy, electron-probe microanalysis and an optical 3d profiling system.
X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analyzer were used to characterize the microstructures and chemical contents.
Both the high-purity and the oxygenated Fe 15Cr 1Nb alloys are heat treated for up to 500 h at 950 °C, quenched and investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis.
The deposited W electrode surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
The coating composition, microstructure and microhardness were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OPM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and microhardness testing.
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