A magnetic force microscopy and a micromagnetic simulation were employed to support these results.
Morphology was observed with phase contrast microscopy, and a growth curve was constructed to evaluate the efficacy of expansion.
The nanorods were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer.
Their microstructure and microhardness were investigated by a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and a microhardness tester.
The microstructures of thin films were examined by a scanning electron microscopy and a transmission electron microscopy, respectively.
The morphologies and friction coefficients of the MAO coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and a CSM tribometer, respectively.
The subchondral bone plates of the femoral heads were examined by scanning electron microscopy and a defined planar section was photographed.
Samples were examined for C. parvum oocysts by microscopy, and a subset of specimens was also tested for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella, bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus.
These consist of staining by specific dyes, a fibrillar aspect in electron microscopy and a typical cross-β folding in x-ray diffraction patterns.
The morphologies of the samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy and a microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) (FEI, Sirion200) and TEM JEM-2100FF, Japan Japan).
The crystal characteristics of IGZO thin films were investigated using the transmission electron microscopy and a grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry.
