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Initially, physicochemical and morphological properties of bitumen samples were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy after the solution spraying of TiO2, ZnO and TiO2 ZnO.
The analysis of the counterfaces by Raman confocal microscopy after the friction tests is used to follow the chemical phenomena occurring at the contact area responsible of the observed friction behaviour.
The micromechanisms of the failure and related wear processes in the two-dimensional (2D) randomly chopped and the three-dimensional (3D) non-woven carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with varying fiber type and matrix architecture have been studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy after the subscale brake dynamometer tests.
Topical 1% Na3VO4 or vehicle only was given twice daily (each 2 × 20 μL drops) for 4 days to opposite eyes (n = 8), and Goldmann IOP was measured before and hourly after treatment for 6 h on Days 1 and 4. Filamentous actin and vinculin-containing cell adhesions were examined by epifluorescence microscopy after the cells had been incubated with 1 mM Na3VO4 for 24 h.
Small areas that were covered with mucus were occasionally detected by scanning electron microscopy after the experiment (Figure 2B).
Oocysts were counted by light microscopy after the mosquito stomachs were stained with 2% mercurochrome.
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In vivo activation of caspase-3 in apoptotic cells was measured by fluorescence microscopy after labeling the cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-FMK conjugated to FITC (FITC-DEVD-FMK) as a marker, following the instructions of the supplier of the CaspGLOW fluorescein active caspase-3 staining kit (BioVision Research).
The membrane containing invading cells was fixed using methanol, stained with Wright-Giemsa, and invasion was quantified by light microscopy after removing the non-invading cells on the upper side of the membrane with cotton swabs.
Cellular viability produced by the combination of cisplatin and silica particles was examined using fluorescence microscopy after staining the MCF-7 cell with the live/dead system (Molecular Probes, USA).
After 6 h of expression, the cells were treated with 50 μM of the preactivated biotinylated phenyl iodide (3)–palladium complex in PBS at 37 °C for 30 min. The biotinylation of EGFR was monitored by confocal microscopy after treating the cells with Alexa 568-conjugated streptavidin.
The mechanical integrity of both carriers was controlled using light microscopy after completing the operational stability experiments.
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