Electron microscopic X-ray microanalysis of fish gills exposed to sublethal lead revealed that lead accumulated on the surface of the gill lamella.
The team demonstrated this back in 2011 but just published a new paper showing how fast this whole thing happens — they watched it by blasting it with a scanning microscopic x-ray machine, which is pretty awesome.
On the other hand, more sophisticated methods such as microscopic X-Ray diffraction (μ-XRD) or time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) did not seem very promising due to the poor ionization of the arsenic in the case of SIMS and the lack of signal - except for the broad band characteristic for amorphous material - in the case of μ-XRD.
We also used microscopic X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses to identify the involved iron minerals to be almost completely Fe III-oxides.
In order to preserve the natural microstructure of the components during the physicochemical characterization, we used a brilliant, highly focused topographic analysis by means of microscopic X-ray absorption analyses in the near edge region.
Micro-XANES (microscopic X-ray absorption near-edge structure) spectra were measured at the position of the highest Fe-concentration matching a site inside the prospective sensory dendrite (Figure 5, Figure 6) for the determination of the stoichiometric composition the iron minerals inside the dendrites, especially in order to recognize their putative magnetic features [38].
The different methods used for generating microscopic X-ray beams in XFI experiments are summarized and compared in Table 1.
Thus, multiscan microscopic X-ray tomography is a powerful tool for analyzing bone mineralization in relation to the lacuno-canalicular network at the submicron resolution level.
The microscopic X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) measurements are performed at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) 4W1B endstation, which runs 2.5 GeV with current from 150 mA to 250 mA.
The textural and electrochemical properties of porous Mn3O4 nanoparticle are systematically characterized by means of the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and voltammetric analyses.
Rossmann, M. G., Bernal, R. & Pletnev, S. V. Combining electron microscopic with X-ray crystallographic structures.
