In some of our previous reports [ 32– 34], it was also observed that antimicrobial activity of essential oils was higher in vapour phase than in liquid phase, which was observed by different microscopic techniques: scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and atomic force microscope.
Prior to the examination of analytical features, GCE/EDOT-BTDA-Pala/Antibody surface was successfully characterized in the way of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and microscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy).
The microscopic techniques (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) & Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)) are clearly displayed that spherical nanoparticles into the PEG-PLGA matrix and presence of elements and chemical interactions confirmed by the results of energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier trans-form infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods.
Two microscopic techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM), were employed to observe granular structure before and after RS digestion by pancreatic α-amylase.
Methods for measuring the size and distribution include microscopic techniques like scanning electron microscope (Liang, Dai, and Guiochon, 2003), X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscope (Courtois, Szumski, Georgsson, and Irgum, 2007).
More advanced microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, which are not readily available and are expensive, have the advantage of resolution but the crystals must first be isolated from the synovial fluid for accurate work.
When justified, samples were taken and materials analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) and/or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or cross-sections prepared and studied by analytical microscopic techniques [light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM EDX), and ATR FTIR FPA imaging].
In this contribution, we used a set of microscopic techniques including confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to analyze the three-dimensional spatial arrangement of cells and their surrounding matrix in Bacillus subtilis biofilm.
The failure was investigated using metallographic, scanning electronic microscopic techniques, and microhardness testing.
This hypothesis might be proven by various advanced microscopic techniques, including confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
The as-prepared catalysts were characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and their catalytic activities were evaluated for the oxidation of various aromatic alcohols.
