Detailed critiques of this in vivo microscopic technique have previously been reported [ 6, 22- 27, 27, 36, 37].
The potential application of monitoring the microcirculation in pediatric patients using hand-held intravital microscopic techniques has been exemplified in the work of Top and Tibboel.
Several surface spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been used to characterize the surface in term of chemical composition and polymer topography.
The presence of antifreeze proteins or ice nucleating proteins in hemolymph is analyzed by various osmometric techniques or differential scanning calorimetry [6], [7], and electron and optical microscopic techniques have been used in some studies to elucidate ultrastructural details of cryodamage [8], [9].
To further explore biological phenomena, two distinct microscopic techniques have been attempted to break the diffraction limit [ 6– 23] and have already been applied to live-cell imaging [ 20– 23].
New super-resolution microscopic techniques have begun to visualize internal mitochondrial membranes [ 46, 47] but are still incapable of rapid three-dimensional timelapse visualizations in live cells.
An exception is the well studied chemotaxis pathway, where advanced microscopic techniques have revealed that proteins self-assemble stochastically in clusters whose function has only been theorized [ 2, 3].
In vivo microscopy in humans is still largely in the early stages, but various microscopic techniques have clinical potential, e.g. for the identification of suspicious tissue regions for biopsy collection (Liu et al., 2011).
Development of imaging techniques, especially, microscopic imaging techniques, has made it possible to visualize various biological phenomena for biologists.
This technique has been described to allow direct microscopic identification of specific cell types without appreciable loss of their DNA or RNA.
