The purpose of the numerical calibration is the adjustment of microscopic parameters, such as particle stiffness and inter-particle friction, in order to fit the macroscopic numerical behaviour, e.g. stress-strain-behaviour, measured on real experiments.
The effect of aspect ratio on the flow pattern, the relationship between pressure drop and gas superficial velocity, and microscopic parameters such as coordination number, particle orientation and force structure are investigated.
The inconsistencies of thermal conductivity of nanofluids in various researches are mainly because the thermal conductivity is simultaneously affected by many factors especially some microscopic parameters such as particle clustering and micromotion which are rather difficult for a quantitative analysis or measurement.
We chose visual location as the decoded parameter of the stimulus, because multiple macroscopic retinotopic maps are present throughout the human brain, including the frontal lobe (Sereno et al., 1995; Hagler and Sereno, 2006), and therefore, the full cortical processing stream of this parameter should be more easily decodable than other more microscopic parameters, such as object identity.
In particular, the incidence of lymph node metastases has been found to be significantly associated with several factors; among these, not only macroscopic parameters, such as clinical stage, localization and thickness of primary tumours [ 1- 10], but also microscopic-molecular parameters from differentiation of tumoral cells up to their skill for adherence [ 11- 14].
The macroscopic parameters such as porosity, absolute permeability, and relative permeability are used as constraint conditions to generate a microscopic network model of oil water two-phase flow, which can effectively describe the influence of reservoir micro-parameters' variation on macro-parameters.
Two types of physical models have been developed to describe bleb growth: coarse-grained models, which use macroscopic parameters, such as pressure and tension, to account for global cell mechanics without describing the underlying molecular details [ 16,31,37,38,39]; and molecular models that use computer simulations to derive cell-scale behaviors from microscopic processes [ 40 42].
The effects of such microscopic parameters are investigated on the Young's modulus and density of Palmetto bulk wood.
HPMI were conducted to obtain the microscopic parameters of the pore throat structure, such as pore-size distribution, pore connectivity, and pore space topology.
This method is to be contrasted with the more conventional, microscopic approach in which detailed acoustic source mechanisms, such as propeller cavitation and mechanical vibration of ship's machinery, are related to parameters such as ship speed and length to arrive at estimates of ship-radiated noise13,24.
The simulations, involving microscopic traffic modeling and emission estimation with an emerging emission estimator, provide the flexibility of generating cases with various intersection types, vehicle types, and other parameters such as driver behavior, fuel types, and meteorological factors.
