We found that microsatellite deaths occur more frequently than nucleotide substitutions, and that microsatellite births appear to be exceedingly rare (fig. 2), supporting the assumption that the presence of a microsatellite in multiple species is the result of sequence conservation, rather than convergent evolution.
Genetic evidence using microsatellite markers in multiple studies also suggests that these stocks are genetically distinct from each other using different metrics such as Bayesian structure analysis, amova, and indices of pairwise divergence (e.g. FST, RST, and θST; see Miller 2003; Parker et al. 2009; Sepulveda-Villet et al. 2011 for details).
In gastrointestinal carcinomas, ∼15% of sporadic and 90% of hereditary non-polyposis colon carcinoma (HNPCC or Lynch tumours) show microsatellite instability (MSI) in multiple repeat sequences, due to defects in mismatch repair genes (MMR).
Markers harboring multiple perfect microsatellites in their amplicon sequence (i.e., "multiple SSRs/amplicon") with 11-15 repeat units were the most polymorphic markers, followed by long dinucleotides and tetranucleotides with more than 11 repeat units.
Like in humans, these microsatellites have multiple length variants within rhesus and bonnet macaques, chimps, orangutans, and gorillas.
Similar to humans, the GT25 and RS3 microsatellites in DupA and DupB, respectively, are polymorphic in multiple primate species (Table 1).
Genes that regulate development often contain multiple highly conserved microsatellites in their promoters (table 3).
In general, the patterns of sequence conservation and positions of microsatellites suggest multiple mechanisms of sequence duplication and diversification within the Sp185/333 gene family.
The more recent development of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers made available a large potential suite of markers that are transferrable between species and polymorphic in multiple pedigrees.
Similar to humans, the microsatellites in this region are highly variable within multiple species (Table 1).
