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We provide a mechanistic explanation of the evolutionary link between motif heterogeneity and genomic abundance of microsatellites by examining the patterns of motif mismatches and allele sequences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified within microsatellite loci.
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We test these predictions by examining microsatellite variation within standard and In 2L) t chromosomes at three different sites.
In C. remanei, sperm competition assays were carried out essentially the same as above, except that C. remanei females were used as the "arena" for male-male competition, and males from the three strains were allowed to compete directly (i.e., no standardized male competitors), with offspring paternity determined by examining a microsatellite marker that varied among strains.
By examining the amount and distribution of microsatellites in one P. monodon EST dataset (PmTwN), repeat motifs were found in 8.1% of the uniquely expressed sequences, covering 1.12% of the EST lengths (11,161 bp per Mb).
In this study, by examining EST database we observed that some microsatellites contained in the genes showed copy number variation, probably representing different alleles (Additional file 4b).
By examining more closely spaced markers on 1p36 in our microsatellite analysis, we were able to detect interstitial deletion in 12% of our tumour series.
We also studied the role of those allele losses in gallbladder carcinoma pathogenesis by examining 45 microdissected normal and dysplastic gallbladder epithelia accompanying gallbladder carcinoma, using 17 microsatellite markers.
In addition, by reviewing the literature (Table 4) and by examining the P. monodon EST dataset in the Penaeus Genome Database (Additional file 4a), we found that many shrimp genes/ESTs contain long stretches of microsatellites.
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Moreover, additional 11 microsatellites were examined by LIAJ to confirm the results (data not shown).
However, the present case, and the majority of the previously reported DCs, did not show evidence for microsatellite instability, as examined by either microsatellite instability test or immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins, and EBV infection [ 9].
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