The D3S3045 microsatellite marker was selected because it was found to be informative for the MCM1 donor cells and the MCM3 recipient animal.
As with nontandemly repeated DNA, there is a paradox in that the more rapid gene conversion is, the more difficult it becomes to detect conversion events involving duplicated microsatellites, because the process will tend to homogenize the two copies.
Dispersal estimates (Nm) using the private allele method [68], implemented in GENEPOP 4.0 [69], is potentially less biased than the Fst island model method when using highly polymorphic markers such as microsatellites because of lower sensitivity to homoplasy [70].
We have used a measure obtained though microsatellites because they represent a totally independent set of data and thus there will not be problems of circularity; moreover they refer to exactly the same populations.
However, models at the nucleotide level are not easily applied to microsatellites, because nucleotide substitutions are frequently shuffled around, duplicated, or lost as microsatellites expand and contract.
Especially, we focused on the 154,677 tetranucleotide microsatellites because they were much more accurate and reliable than di- and tri-nucleotide microsatellites.
Homoplasy is common in microsatellites because they often follow a step-wise mutation model in which each mutation is 'one step' or repeat different.
Fingerprinting of plant cultivars is frequently carried out with SSR markers (microsatellites) because they are co-dominant, multi-allelic and thus more informative than dominant-types of markers.
Thus, SSRs derived from EST sequences arise as an excellent alternative to the classical techniques based on anonymous microsatellites because of their fast and inexpensive discovery [ 9].
Thus, for microsatellites, because of lower frequencies of the most frequent allele and higher levels of genetic diversity, the maximum value of F is substantially more constrained than the corresponding maximum of F for SNPs.
