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Most animals (Metazoa) do not have endogenous cellulases and rely instead on intestinal symbiotic microorganisms for cellulose digestion.
It used to be believed that animals (Metazoa) do not have endogenous cellulase (endo-beta-1,4-glucanase) and rely on their symbiotic microorganisms for cellulose digestion.
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It is thought that the highly effective plant biomass degrading capacity found in intestines of many insect herbivores constitutes one of the most efficient naturally occurring bioreactors and could provide an important and interesting biotechnology source of microorganisms and enzymes for cellulose degradation (Sun and Scharf 2010).
Synthetic biology combined with a better fundamental understanding of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis at the molecular level is enabling the rational engineering of microorganisms for utilizing cellulosic materials with simultaneous conversion to fuel.
Detection of cellodextrinase and xylose isomerase under all growth conditions suggests that, as in other woody biomass-degrading microorganisms, expression of certain enzymatic activities required for cellulose and xylan metabolism may be linked.
It was concluded that a large number of microorganisms can be isolated directly from coffee exocarps in natural environments to aid biodegradation of coffee exocarps at coffee-producing areas in Vietnam and can be used for cellulose biodegradation.
In contrast, little is known about the contributions of different groups of microorganisms to cellulose degradation in aquatic ecosystems.
Since the most commonly used microorganisms for ethanol production solely utilize sugar monomers, the cellulose needs to be hydrolyzed, which in an SSF occurs concomitantly with the fermentation.
However, native S. cerevisiae is not a candidate microorganism for the CBP of cellulose because it lacks the enzymes required for the hydrolyzation of cellulose into glucose.
Freitag is not the only company looking to microorganisms for inspiration.
Indigenous microorganisms for MEOR have greater advantages compared to injected microorganisms.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com