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This microenvironment is comprised of cellular components as well as soluble constituents called cytokines.
34, 35 The tumor microenvironment is comprised of stromal cells, soluble factors, extracellular matrix, signaling molecules, hypoxia and mechanical cues (e.g. exosomes).
The tumor microenvironment is comprised of malignantly transformed cells, their surrounding stroma (which consists of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, and mesenchymal cells), innate immune cells (including macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells), and adaptive immune cells (T and B lymphocytes) [ 27, 28].
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The tumor microenvironment, which is comprised largely of inflammatory cells, plays a major role in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival, and migration.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM).
The tumor microenvironment, an abundant source of TGF-β [ 4], is comprised of diverse cell populations, such as epithelial, stromal, vascular, and immune cells, working coordinately to promote tumor progression.
A malignant tumor is comprised of cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.
See related editorial by Schedin and Borges, The tumor microenvironment or the stroma hosting the malignant breast epithelial cells is comprised of multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, endothelial cells and various immune cells [ 1- 4].
A significant proportion of a tumour mass is comprised of stromal cells [ 15]; these non-transformed cells forming the microenvironment in which tumour cell growth is contained and supported.
The functional domain is comprised of the Fc portion of IgG2a protein and foreign immunogenic CD8+ T cell epitope flanked by furin cleavage sites (R), which can be recognized and cleaved by furin that is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment.
The tumor stromal microenvironment is primarily comprised of type I collagen; therefore, tumor cells must breach this matrix barrier to invade the surrounding tissue [ 19].
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