In contrast to what seemed to emerge from the time series evidence, at the microeconomic level there is clearly no evidence of a positive effect of immigrant concentration on firm productivity.
Within this typology, energy productivity, which relates GDP at the macroeconomic level or company revenue at the microeconomic level, can be thought of as an economic thermodynamic indicator.
At the microeconomic level, these results are consistent with remittances being driven by altruism or by a risk-diversification strategy, which aims to insure adequate protection against adverse exogenous shocks.
On a macroeconomic level, developing countries are increasing production; while on a microeconomic level, speculative traders are becoming more involved in the market.
Skills mismatch at macro-level is measured by a skills mismatch index (SMI), while traditional measures of undereducation and overeducation are used at the microeconomic level.
At the microeconomic level, five categories of factors have been found to affect the risk of overeducation: (1) ability, academic performance, and personality; (2) gender and age; (3) immigrant background; (4) labour market and job characteristics; and (5) characteristics of education.
On a microeconomic level, the vast majority of enterprises are still not equipped to translate Olympic goodwill into momentum in the supermarket.
At the microeconomic level the structure of the consumption function is of interest in itself, but it also has a powerful influence on many other kinds of economic behaviour.
The aim of this paper is to transfer the innovation system (IS) approach to the microeconomic level, creating a conceptual framework, which helps individual actors to identify and predict economic opportunities.
The aim of this paper is to transfer the innovation system (IS) approach to the microeconomic level, creating a conceptual framework which helps individual actors to explain, identify, and predict the origin of innovations.
