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The real-time PCR demonstrated sufficient sensitivity, specificity and quantitativity to be a powerful tool for microbiological examination in periodontal disease, and the quantitative monitoring of antibiotic resistance gene accompanied with the antibiotic therapy should be included in the examination.
In order to evaluate whether our nested PCR cross-reacted non-specifically with Salmonella Typhimurium Definitive Type (DT 40 and DT56 variant (v), lesions from 56 greenfinches and six chaffinches confirmed to have died due to salmonellosis by microbiological examination in 2005 and 2006 (Lawson, unpublished data) were screened.
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We conducted all the procedures relative to microbiological examinations in a sterile environment to avoid external microbial contamination.
The microbiological examination was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of the National School of Public Health in Athens.
Microbiological examination was performed in sputum, urine, two samples of blood and nasopharyngeal swabs.
Microbiological examination was performed in throat swab, sputum, urine and blood, at the central laboratory (Clinical Microbiological Laboratory of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital).
We did not find differences in the microbiological profile of aspirate cultures among patients with and without recurrent tonsillitis; however, this could be due to the fact that microbiological examination was performed in only 40.5 % of the study population.
Differentiation between viral and bacterial LRTI would have therapeutic implications, but common clinical signs have low sensitivity and specificity for bacterial infection, and standard microbiological examinations are, in most cases, not practical in primary care [ 7].
In microbiological examination, specimens from all animals, except one, showed positive bacterial growth in catheter and bone samples.
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been confirmed by microbiological examinations only in three of the seven patients observed in the programme.
Microbiological examinations presented in Table 2 were repetitive, while some of them conducted in new sites.
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