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Microbiological documentation was achieved in 38.6%.
A microbiological documentation was obtained in 144 (83 %) patients.
Most of VAP (87.8 %) had a microbiological documentation (Gram-negative bacilli predominantly).
In 45 cases (43 %), both samples provided identical significant (above threshold) microbiological documentation.
Most studies conducted outside of the ICU have enrolled patients in whom microbiological documentation was lacking.
Among them, 13 had endocarditis without microbiological documentation and 4 had no information about valve culture.
Up to 648 (76,1 %) patient of total cohort had microbiological documentation.
In 3 cases (3 %), both samples provided identical nonsignificant (below threshold) microbiological documentation.
Microbiological documentation leads to antibiotherapy modification in almost a quarter of treated patients.
All VAP have microbiological documentation (for definitions, see Additional file 1).
Lack of microbiological documentation results in unnecessary antimicrobial therapy and hospitalization.
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