C. trachomatis can be treated with tetracyclines (usually doxycycline) or macrolide (usually azithromycin) antibiotics with short-term microbiological cure rates of 90% to 95% (Manhart 2013).
genitalium infected patients received azithromycin as a 1 g single dose, and 244 received extended azithromycin with microbiological cure rates of 81 and 88 %, respectively (p = 0.026).
Absolute difference with 95% CI in early clinical cure rates and early microbiological cure (5th day of treatment), mortality, rate of adverse events and rectal colonisation with antibiotic-resistant Gram negatives will also be calculated.
Despite microbiological cure, 47% of patients continued to have respiratory symptoms; this was significantly higher among patients who had delayed taking action for more than 3 months.
There was clinical as well as microbiological cure with normalization of sepsis markers.
Although the two groups had comparable clinical success (83% versus 75%, P = 0.180), patients who received continuous infusion had a higher rate of microbiological cure compared with the bolus group (OR 2.977, 90.6% versus 78.4%, P = 0.020).
Microbiological cure was defined as eradication of the MDR pathogen on subsequent respiratory cultures.
Secondary outcomes were microbiological cure, ICU and hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay and adverse events.
They found similar results for mortality (8% vs. 10%, p = 0.7) and length of stay, but microbiological cure at 30 days, defined as "no positive cultures within 30 days of the end of treatment", differed significantly with odds ratio of 3.8 in favor of CI [48].
