Firstly, phenomenological descriptions of different types of infection (cellulitis, erysipelas, abscess), predisposing conditions (diabetic foot ulcer), eponymous diseases (Fournier's gangrene, clostridial myonecrosis), and microbiological causes of infection [20,21] have resulted in heterogeneous terminology, much of which has only historical relevance.
Retrospective study designs provide no information on the microbiological causes of illness (a major weakness) but are significantly quicker and less costly to complete.
Microbiological causes of BSI episodes are listed in Table 2. Serum CRP concentrations were higher in patients with GNB than with GPB from d0 on.
These data have contributed to estimates of national burden, identified populations at risk, and determined microbiological causes of infection and their outcomes, all of which have been used to inform national policy and guidelines to prevent antimicrobial drug resistant infections.
Clinical signs associated with the different intestinal pathogens are similar and microbiological investigations are necessary to confirm the specific microbiological cause in cases of diarrhoea.
In the Cambodian study a microbiological cause was identified in almost 50%% of paediatric inpatients, in Laos 41 % of a mixed inpatient and outpatient population (5 to 49 years of age) were assigned a 'conservative' diagnosis (using only culture, antigen detection, PCR, and for JEV IgM ELISA), as were 51%% of clinic attendees in the Thai-Myanmar border (children ≥5 years and adults of all ages).
This may be useful for confirmation of L. intracellularis as the microbiological cause in porcine diarrhoea.
Using weekly numbers of laboratory reports of the main respiratory pathogens, Cooper et al. [18] created models capable of providing weekly estimates of the proportions of calls due to specific microbiological causes, including influenza.
Based on this knowledge, a model for calculating the risk of foaming in anaerobic digestion systems due to microbiological causes has been developed.
From the endophthalmitis database, information was obtained regarding the cause of endophthalmitis, microbiological work up including the vitreous isolates and their antibiotic susceptibilities, and the clinical outcomes.
