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Microbiologic confirmation of etiology was available in 124 patients.
Microbiologic confirmation of pneumonia was defined by the presence of at least 1 potentially pathogenic microorganism (PPM) in respiratory samples above predefined thresholds (for bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, >104 CFU/mL; for sputum or tracheobronchial aspirate specimens, 105 CFU/mL).
Children hospitalized with acute S. aureus infections were offered participation in the study after microbiologic confirmation of the diagnosis by standard bacterial culture of blood or tissue specimens.
Diagnosis of VAP is based on clinical suspicion and microbiologic confirmation of a sample obtained from the lower respiratory tract.
Second, our study cohort was relatively large, and all patients in the sepsis cohort had formal microbiologic confirmation of bacterial infection.
In our study, ICU patients were symptomatic with diarrhea on average for 6.5 days prior to microbiologic confirmation of the CDAD diagnosis and initiation of therapy.
Similar(44)
The major limitation of this investigation is the lack of microbiologic confirmation to allow wider assumptions to be made about possible co-infections, their effects (if any), and the role of other pathogens that cause similar clinical features.
The etiology of ICUAP with microbiologic confirmation was polymicrobial in 16%% of patients.
A lack of microbiologic confirmation may bias our observation.
Among 441 consecutive patients with ICUAP, 256 (58 %) had microbiologic confirmation, and 41 (16 %) of them polymicrobial pneumonia.
Our study has important limitations, particularly its small sample size and the absence of microbiologic confirmation in most diagnosed patients.
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