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Still, the microbial weeds continued to dominate.
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Plant pathologists search for chemicals effective against microbial diseases, weeds, and various pests and seek to adjust the biotic balance to reduce losses.
It is my hope that fitness trade-offs will inspire agricultural researchers to develop new pest control techniques focused on insect herbivores and other pests, including weeds and microbial diseases, both of which are known to exhibit rapid evolution to attempts at management (Thrall et al. 2011).
Microbial communities of four weed species were assessed, with the expectation of finding varying bacterial compositions among plant species, thereby focusing on the occurrence of cyanide-producing Pseudomonas strains.
For example, there is potential for both positive and negative ecological and evolutionary feedbacks between novel crop types (e.g. varieties engineered to increase phosphorus uptake through the production of citric acid root exudates), herbivores and weeds, and soil microbial communities (Bais et al. 2006).
Data were collected on plant growth, yield, soil temperature and moisture, weed suppression, nitrate leaching, and microbial biomass and diversity.
It has been proposed that proliferations of opportunistic microbial pathogens in the rhizospheres of GBH-treated weeds or crop residues might increase the risk of disease for new crops planted subsequently in the same soil [49 51, 54 56].
Among these practices, rotating crops is one of the more traditional and effective ways to diversify the microbial community, reduce the impact of diseases and weeds [ 101], and thus increase yields.
Parfitt et al. (2002) showed that this reduction was associated with weed growth and an increase in microbial biomass after harvest which would have removed much of the N in the soil solution in the upper soil layers.
We sampled diversity and abundance of arable weeds, earthworms and collembolans, soil respiration rate and microbial biomass in 12 pairs of organically and conventionally managed fields in landscapes differing in structural complexity.
The reduction was attributed to N uptake by weeds (especially grass) that colonised the site after harvest, as well as enhanced microbial activity and incorporation of N into microbial biomass.
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