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A number of ecological studies have revealed that microbial viruses predominate in the biosphere and outnumber their hosts by at least one order of magnitude [1], [2].
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms facilitating rapid genome evolution in microbial viruses.
Microbial viruses modulate their hosts directly through mortality and horizontal gene transfer, and indirectly by re-programming host metabolisms during infection.
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Indeed, microbial virus genomes include large numbers of conserved coding sequences of unknown function as well as unique gene combinations, implying that that these viruses will be a significant source of novel protein biochemistry and genome architecture.
Recent in vitro studies using primary endoneurial endothelial cells [ 204] and pericytes [ 156] have the potential to further elucidate solute, macromolecule, microbial, virus, and leukocyte interactions with the BNI.
They can provide increased assurances of safe drinking water because the microbial contaminants (viruses, bacteria, and protozoa) can be completely removed by a physical barrier.
Due to their abundance and consequent influence on the composition and diversity of microbial communities, viruses can be rightfully considered to be the "major players in the global ecosystem" [3], [4].
The generic approach employed in this method can be applied for accurate identification of a wide variety of microbial species (viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes) present in any environmental sample.
These results clearly demonstrate that MetaID is capable for taxonomic profiling of metagenomic communities and is generic enough to be applied to a wide variety of microbial species (viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes) present in any environmental sample.
Human feces harbor a large number of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, microbial eukarya, viruses, and potentially protozoa and helminths (see Supplemental Material, Table S2) (Feachem et al. 1983; Ley et al. 2006; Ramakrishna 2007).
She used ultrastructural studies to understand the host response to microbial and virus infections and also worked on the development of fluorescence microscopy to study nucleic acids.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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