Sentence examples for microbial translocation that from inspiring English sources

Recently, HIV-related microbial translocation that causes systemic activation has been linked with severity of HCV-related liver disease [ 42].

Our data demonstrated that IL-33 impairs intestinal barrier function independently of inflammation, providing a working model whereby enhanced IL-33 may favour microbial translocation that perpetuates a vicious circle of colonic inflammation.

Our measurements of Lac/Cr ratio were not associated with any of our serum markers of microbial translocation, suggesting that intestinal permeability as measured by this method may not represent the same epithelial defects involved in increased microbial transit.

We report that in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery, most patients were positive for circulating NOD2 agonist, indicating that microbial translocation can be more frequent than previously thought when circulating endotoxin was measured.

Recent studies also have shown that microbial translocation of the BBB involves host cell actin cytoskeletal rearrangements (Kim, 2006).

Brenchley and colleagues demonstrated that microbial translocation and immune activation were higher among HAART-naïve than those on HAART [24].

On the other hand, Brenchley and others suggested that microbial translocation and plasma endotoxemia are a cause of immune activation in HIV[24].

This suggests the hypothesis that microbial translocation is a primary driver of inflammation in HIV-infected adults does not adequately capture what is likely a complex interplay of factors promoting innate immune activation in malnourished adults with advanced HIV disease.

Seminal work by Brenchley et al. suggested that microbial translocation directly contributes to systemic innate and adaptive immune activation during chronic HIV infection and may affect the progression rate of AIDS [ 208].

Furthermore, elevated levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial DNA in chronic HIV patients suggest that microbial translocation from the damaged gut contributes to this hyperactivation by triggering an innate immune response to Gram-negative bacteria [ 5, 6].

Accumulated literatures [ 26- 29] have demonstrated that microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection, which characterized by higher levels of plasma bacterial DNA and LPS in HIV-infected patients compared to healthy controls.