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Recently, the importance of microbial traits involved in N2O production processes has gained worldwide concern (e.g., Maeda et al. 2011).
Strategies to improve microbial traits (orange lined boxes) and most common targets for microorganisms' improvement (green lined boxes) are also shown.
By integrating host and microbial traits, these strategies will facilitate targeted engineering of microbiomes to the benefit of agriculture, human/animal health and biotechnology.
Differences in microbial traits among positions were also negatively correlated with soil bulk density and sand content and positively correlated with clay, silt, carbon, nitrogen and moisture content.
Alone, management practices had little to no impact on soil microbial traits, however, significant management by landscape position and management by time interactions were observed for extracellular enzymes.
Unfortunately, although the microbial pathways involved in N2O formation have been well documented, most of the established statistical models for estimating N2O emissions were currently still limited based on physicochemical parameters but without taking the microbial traits into consideration (Hu et al. 2015).
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The impact of these soil swaps on founder bacterial endophyte communities was tested using 16S-rDNA profiling, culturing and microbial trait phenotyping.
This study makes use of two sequencing approaches and four different technologies to identify genes involved in a relevant microbial trait.
In fact, the question of whether pathogenicity is a microbial trait and the question of whether hosts distinguish so-called pathogens from non-pathogens have the same answer: pathogenicity is an outcome of host-microbe interaction and is thus inextricably linked to characteristics of the host as well as those of the microbe.
Numerous plants possess anti-microbial traits which are synthesized during secondary metabolism of the plant (Rusenova and Parvanov, 2009).
This pattern of frequent gene gain and loss is entirely consistent with both theory and experimental evolution studies on microbial social traits, which have repeatedly revealed how readily selection on cooperative traits can be reversed as a function of small changes to population structure (e.g., [20, 21]).
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