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An overview of methods for experimentally generating and recovering airborne human pathogens is included, along with a discussion of factors that influence microbial survival in indoor air.
Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [45] and glutamate dehydrogenase [46] (GDH; COG0334) each have been shown to contribute to microbial survival in the face of oxidative stress.
Thus, the mechanism of biofilm formation and its importance for microbial survival in natural habitats has attracted increasing interest in recent years.
It can be advantageous when it activates genes beneficial to microbial survival in adverse environments, and deleterious when it mutates genes relevant to survival, cancer or degenerative diseases.
Results, shown in Table 3, detail BBF resulting from repeated cycles of drying and HLD (without re-exposure to bioburden) to assess whether low levels of microbial survival in BBF occurs.
Using the MBEC (Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration) system, a unique modelling approach was developed to evaluate microbial survival in BBF formed by repetitive cycles of drying, disinfectant exposure and re-exposure to the test organism.
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Annotation of such reads revealed that almost 50% of them were related to antibiotic and toxic compounds resistance genes, which are extremely important features for microbial survival and adaptation in polluted environments.
In addition, some of these stress responses can result in enhanced microbial survival, enhanced thermotolerance, and even cross protection against multiple stresses [ 39, 40, 44].
Single-cell studies on randomness in mRNA transcription show that stochastic gene expression plays a crucial role in bacterial competence, microbial survival and blood cell differentiation [1] [3].
In Chlamydia-induced arthritis, microbial survival within monocytes as the primary synovial host cells leads to a persistent host-bacterial interaction that determines the pathogenesis of the arthritis.
Controlling these strategies is important for the improvement of biotechnological processing and in the food industry, where microbial survival and regrowth is the main cause of food spoilage [1], [2].
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