Sentence examples for microbial stimulus from inspiring English sources
In cells of the innate immune system, the transcriptional response to a microbial stimulus is tailored to both the stimulus and cell type, suggesting the existence of highly sophisticated regulatory mechanisms.
Stimulation of DCs with a microbial stimulus is known to mobilize intracellular calcium that favors pro-inflammatory Th1 responses [16].
Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were isolated from 70 healthy neonates, stimulated for 3 days with the microbial stimulus lipid A (LpA), and allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp1).
This indicated that secretion of RANTES from DCs requires a microbial stimulus [6] that was provided by CFP-10 during DC-differentiation.
We have shown that elevated IgE levels observed in germ-free mice and mice with a limited microbial diversity is a result of immune dysregulation, which can be corrected by providing the appropriate microbial stimulus early in life.
APCs presenting a self-tumor antigen in the presence of a costimulatory signal in the form of upregulated CD80 or CD86 (normally triggered by a microbial stimulus) induce either anergy, deletion of tumor-specific T cells, or expansion of T-regulatory cells [ 43].
The Mast cowshed, with its rich array of microbial stimuli, probably resembles the world in which the human immune system evolved more than, say, an apartment high above Manhattan.
This included the GM-CSF-induced increase in adherence, migration, chemotaxis, and oxidative burst, as well as the priming of monocytes to secondary microbial stimuli.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of pattern recognition receptors, which mediate the responses of innate immune cells to microbial stimuli.
The response of host immune cells to microbial stimuli is dependent on robust and coordinated gene expression programs involving the transcription of thousands of genes.
Here we show that GM-CSF i) provokes non-classical monocyte activation; ii) drives monocytes towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype; iii) enhances innate immune functions; iv) primes monocyte responses to secondary microbial stimuli; and v) accelerates epithelial healing via monocytes.
