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Consequently, during the last decade this has led to the development of improved microbial screening methods.
Some of the studies concerning microbial screening methods do not intend to cover the entire spectrum of antimicrobial residues, but only a specific group of antibiotics.
Monitoring of food products from animal origin for the presence of antimicrobial residues is preferably done using microbial screening methods because of their high cost-effectiveness.
So far only a few microbial screening methods claim to have been validated "according to 2002/657/EC" [ 36, 37, 51, 59].
Some studies evaluating the performance of microbial screening methods use tissues originating from animal medication experiments [ 47, 49, 56], but the production of incurred materials for each antibiotic at the appropriate concentration is a difficult and expensive task.
This paper provides an overview of the developments in the field of microbial screening methods for antibiotic residues in slaughter animals since the early 1990s, when the establishment of MRLs at levels below the sensitivity of the established and generally applied methods made us reconsider these existing screening methods.
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> Two main dilemmas emerge when considering the validation of the detection capability of a broad-spectrum microbial screening method; the type of sample (matrix) and the number of compounds that should be assessed.
In contrast to other microbiological methods, currently there are no regular proficiency testing programs operational for microbial residue screening methods, while these are considered highly necessary to reveal the inevitable shortcomings in this area.
Rapid screening methods (immunological or microbial inhibition assays) are commonly used to detect the presence of antimicrobials in food but more accurate chromatographic methods are required to identify and confirm the presence of these compounds.
The vast majority of the screening methods used for monitoring the presence of antimicrobial compounds today are still microbial inhibition tests [ 17].
Combination with concurrently developing improvements in important accessory technologies such as DNA synthesis, high-throughput screening methods, regulatory element design, and metabolic pathway optimization tools has resulted in novel efficient microbial producer strains and given access to new metabolic products.
More suggestions(15)
microbial degradation methods
microbial test methods
microbial ecology methods
microbial taxonomy methods
microbial isolation methods
microbial prospection methods
microbial assessment methods
microbial treatment methods
microbial control methods
microbial identification methods
microbial screening tests
microbial enumeration methods
microbial typing methods
microbial transformation methods
microbial culturing methods
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