Because the rapid turnover of GTPase signaling networks is essential for receptor localization and cytokine secretion, microbial regulation of host GTPases and their downstream interactions may be a powerful mechanism of immune evasion.
Recent reports indicate that gut bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can initiate obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, the molecular interactions responsible for microbial regulation of host metabolism and mediators of inflammation have not been studied in detail.
We are planning to incorporate supportive experimental evidences for reconstructed regulons and effectors using information from literature and other databases on microbial regulation including RegTransBase [ 25], RegulonDB [ 26], DBTBS [ 27], and CoryneRegNet [ 24].
These findings have uncovered a unique example of microbial regulation of host gene expression that retards cell cycling and inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation.
In semiarid sites, however, microbial biomass exerted significant direct positive effects on all soil N-hydrolyzing enzymes, suggesting strong microbial regulation of SON turnover via enzymatic mineralization.
Investigation of the microbial regulation of enzyme production showed that the presence of free ferulic acid further stimulated the production and pointing to that the fungal regulatory mechanism involved a coordinated production and secretion of feruloyl esterase, xylanase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase.
One of the most prominent yet poorly understood examples of microbial regulation of host immune cell gene expression is found in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs).
The limited microbial regulation in the colon may be explained by the presence of a thick continuous mucosal layer, which shields the epithelium from direct bacterial exposure.
Other studies had also shown that genetic disruption of host microbial regulation in animals can induce susceptibility to colitis or metabolic syndrome.
Consistently, germ-free Fiaf /– mice fed by high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet were not protected from diet-induced obesity, suggesting that FIAF is a mediator of microbial regulation of energy storage [ 44].
