Sentence examples for microbial pathogens such from inspiring English sources

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is important in inducing Th1 responses during infection with microbial pathogens such as the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.

Growing pigs encounter multiple stressors in the immediate post-weaning period, and become vulnerable to infection by microbial pathogens such as Salmonella.

Human saliva contains a family of low molecular weight histidine-rich proteins, named histatins, characterised by bactericidal and fungicidal activities in vitro against several microbial pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

Critical issues for studying microbial pathogens such as an adequate sampling design and the appropriate selection of the genetic technique are also required, and will rely on the scale of study and the characteristics of the biological system (e.g., multi- vs. single-host pathogens and vector vs. food or air-borne pathogens).

Additional studies have implicated the role of autophagy in defense against other microbial pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila [81], Dictyostelium discoideum [82], Shigella [83] and so on.

Several studies have shown that microbial pathogens, such as Salmonella, E. coli, S. faecalis, and enteroviruses are relatively stable in groundwater (Bittion et al. 1983; Schijven and Hassanizadeh [2000]; Pang et al. [2004]) (Table 2).

We hypothesized that some currently marketed antimicrobial CVCs may lack activity against specific microbial pathogens, and as such, may select for colonization and eventual bloodstream infection caused by such pathogens.

In addition to TLRs, other important families of PRRs are plasma-membrane and cytoplasmic receptors, including the C type lectins, which recognize a range of microbial stimuli from pathogens such as HIV, HCV, Helicobacter pylori, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 20, 21], and NOD proteins, which recognize components of intracellular bacteria [ 22].

Sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening complications attributed to the host immune system response against microbial pathogens and/or their products, such as endotoxin [ 23].

Many biochemical, environmental, and mechanical stimuli have been shown to influence ciliary beat frequency, and common microbial pathogens of respiratory mucosa such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae have developed toxins that appear to interrupt normal mucociliary function.

Although PRMs are thought to play a crucial role in host immune responses to microbial pathogens, the mechanisms by which such molecules discriminate between pathogenic organisms and the host commensal microflora remain unclear.