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Microbial nitrification is the natural origin of nitrate.
Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal by microbial nitrification is an essential process in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
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Because we had strong experimental evidence that microbial nitrification was present in tidepools with abundant mussels [6], we hypothesized that these microbes would live in close proximity to a reliable source of both habitat and ammonium – the shells of the mussels themselves.
The frequency of the association between nitrifying microbial communities and sponges that harbor large microbial communities suggests that nitrification is an integral part of the metabolic function of many sponge species.
Until the upcoming of readily available microbial genetic techniques, nitrification was the single most studied microbial process in environmental engineering.
Nitrification is mainly controlled by pH, temperature, concentration of ammonium and the microbial population.
Though AOA were proposed as the dominant group to be responsible for the aerobic nitrification in a wide range of environments (Prosser and Nicol 2008; Schleper and Nicol 2010), the relative contributions of this group to the nitrification is still in debate and AOB remains a more robust model system for microbial ecology investigation (Kowalchuk and Stephen 2001; Horz et al. 2004; Ward 2005).
Nitrification is a key process in biological nitrogen removal.
Furthermore, nitrification was thought to require two distinct microbial classes: NH3 oxidizers to oxidize NH3 to NO2–, and NO2– oxidizers that oxidize NO2– to NO3–.
Related to protein depolymerization, N mineralization and nitrification were significantly higher in mineral than in organic horizons, supporting a decrease in microbial N limitation with depth.
Enzymes related to the nitrification were thus identified.
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