It can also be inferred that the foliar application of LCOs promotes the suppression of innate immune responses, which possibly facilitates the microbial interactions, such as the invasion and colonization by endophytic bacteria (Liang et al. 2013).
More studies are needed to evaluate the importance of microbial interactions, such as the ability to use siderophores produced by the microorganisms sharing the cheese habitat or the production and consumption of compounds such as D-galactonate.
Plant-microbial interactions, such as those between maize and arbuscular mycorrhiza or growth promoting rhizobacteria, can mediate a plant's capture of soil nutrients and drought tolerance.
Even highly mutually beneficial microbial-plant interactions, such as mycorrhizal- and rhizobial-plant exchanges, involve selfishness, cheating and power-struggles between the partners, which depending on prevailing selective pressures, lead to a continuum of interactions from antagonistic to mutualistic.
As revealed by metagenomics and 16S pyrosequencing, microbial interactions in nature such as biofilms and the microbiome are extremely complicated and diverse - for instance, there can be parasitism, predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition, and amensalism within a single pair of species [102].
However, such microbial interactions with the CNT/polymer nanocomposites in the environment are not well understood.
Intriguingly, such mixed microbial interactions do not only represent competition between pathogens, as the bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes provides precursors for the biosynthesis melanin by C. neoformans, which is a key virulence determinant for the fungal pathogen (Frases et al. 2006).
Furthermore, the impact of NPs on the microbial community could contribute to microbial physiology and functions, by affecting cell cell interactions such as genetic exchange and production of secondary metabolites.
Such microbial abundance profiles and microbial interactions can help in understanding the pathophysiology of gastric ailments and can thus help in development of new strategies to curb it.
RvE1 is also formed during multi-species interactions, such as during inflammation resulting from microbial infections.
Longitudinal studies of urine microbiomes prior to and post STI will be necessary to test this and we believe such studies could elucidate inter-species microbial interactions relevant to a variety of poorly understood urogenital syndromes.
