The corn, developed by Syngenta, contains a microbial gene that causes it to produce an enzyme that breaks down corn starch into sugar, the first step toward making ethanol.
Microbial gene regulatory networks are composed of cis- and trans-components that in concert act to control essential and adaptive cellular functions.
This review will focus on the mechanisms of biofilm formation, including quorum sensing and subsequent changes in microbial gene and protein expression.
Genome-wide analysis of transcript levels with DNA micro-arrays is currently the most commonly applied of these high-information-density analysis tools for microbial gene expression.
However, crops with microbial gene(s) are remaining the subject of ethical concern because of the probability of horizontal gene transfer to other microbes in environment and possibility of harmful effect on human health.
This study demonstrates that relative microbial gene transcription can be measured in complex food matrices and points to the need for designing experimental set-ups in real food matrices to replace the laboratory model systems.
However, the evaluation of microbial gene expression from in vivo biofilm samples is not trivial, specifically, assessment via quantitative PCR (qPCR) can be a challenge because of several species present in clinical samples.
Microbial gene expression profiles appeared to relate, in part, to seasonal differences in nutrient availability and potential resource competition.
Further investigations of gut microbial gene expression will contribute to a better understanding of normal and abnormal enteric microbiology in animals and humans.
These results suggest that sow's milk and artificial formula, although chemically distinct, induce relatively subtle changes in the gut microbial gene expression.
In this study, we used an RNA pyrosequencing platform to profile gut microbial gene expression in MF and FF piglets without prior knowledge of which organisms were present.
