The study of microbial fibres will further increase our understanding of such protein structures and provide a useful comparison for toxic or disease-related fibrils.
Finally the changes in microbial community, fibre composition and fibre mechanical properties were followed versus the retting duration.
The cellulase enzyme complex was of keen military interest, it being a prime cause of the microbial deterioration of fibre and fabric: tents, cordage and clothing.
1 24 The production of SCFAs by microbial fermentation of dietary fibre has been linked to positive physiological effects, including improvements in body weight, adiposity and glucose metabolism.
The SCFAs produced by microbial fermentation of dietary fibre in the colon have been shown to stimulate the release of the anorectic gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from rodent enteroendocrine L cells.
For example, the production of short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate by the microbial fermentation of dietary fibre can help to regulate inflammatory responses in the intestine [ 8].
In addition, there is evidence that acetate produced as a byproduct of microbial fermentation of dietary fibre in the human colon reduces plasma FFA concentrations and improves insulin sensitivity (Jenkins et al., 1991; Ferchaud-Rocher et al., 2005; Brighenti et al., 2006; Tarini and Wolever, 2010).
In order to test how variably fermentable dietary fibres affect microbial fermentation metabolites in different regions of the large intestine, mice were fed with fructooligosaccharides (FOS, fast fermentation rate), resistant starch type 2 (native potato, RS2, moderate fermentation rate), starch-entrapped microspheres (SM, very slow fermentation rate), and lignin (control) for 14 days.
Rubin [ 44] has identified and characterized 4 highly active beta-glucosidases from fibre-adherent microbial community from the cow rumen.
