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Microbial fermentation generates monosaccharides and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which can be absorbed and used as energy by the host [ 62].
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Because fermentation generates substantial heat, monitoring the temperature is critical.
Fibber fermentation generates acetate, a fat precursor [ 56].
The production of ethanol through microbial fermentations has generated considerable research interests.
Microbial fermentation of dietary polysaccharides generates SCFAs, including acetate and butyrate: the former can contribute to cellular acetyl-CoA pools; the latter is an inhibitor of protein lysine deacetylases.
For example, carboxylic acids produced by microbial fermentation can be used to generate primary building blocks of industrial chemicals by either enzymatic or chemical catalysis.
In order to fix CO2 generated by microbial fermentation, two astaxanthin over-producing microorganisms, the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, were mix-cultivated in the same media.
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid generated by microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, has anti-inflammatory potential, affects the intestinal barrier, and has a role in satiety and oxidative stress.
The current modes of generating PLA involve microbial fermentation of starting material, lactic acid (LA), followed by chemical ring-opening polymerization.
However, extracting monomeric sugars in hemicellulose from the lignin and solid fraction often requires harsh chemical pretreatments that generate toxins inhibitory to microbial fermentation.
During this microbial fermentation process short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are generated as end products, with butyrate, propionate, and acetate comprising the three most abundantly generated SCFA.
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