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A microbial example is provided by bacteria and some of their phages (viruses that can infect bacteria), which can function as bacteriocins (Bossi et al. 2003) but with the additional capacity of autocatalytic amplification on victims (Brown et al. 2006).
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One particularly striking example is microbial cooperation via the secretion of public goods.
Among natural carcinogens, a prime example is the potent microbial toxin Aflatoxin B1, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus.
Another example is an engineered microbial pathway for synthesis of linear alcohols, which is based on β-oxidation and requires both 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and enoyl-CoA hydratase activities (Machado et al. [2012]).
For example, is the presence of serotonin in the gut lumen which is under the control of the host a microbial endocrinology-based means by which the brain can influence the prevalence of certain microbial species?
These populations, for example, were recently identified in microbial community specialized towards plant lignocellulose degradation in the hindgut of a wood-feeding higher termite [13].
Another example of microbial epoxidation is biotransformation of unsaturated bicyclic γ-lactone (Fig. 2).
The second example of microbial hydroxylation is biotransformation of -α-pinene 5 by fungi (Fig. 1).
For example, microbial species are thought to be less representative of developmental phenomena but can be engineered to exhibit those phenomena because they fulfill the manipulation criteria better (Love and Travisano 2013).
These two examples are just illustrations of what the consequences of coupling between population, evolutionary, and phenotypic dynamics may be in microbial communities.
Kombucha microbial community (KMC) is an example of mutualistic metabolic cooperation of pro- and eukaryotic microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts).
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