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Two other participants thought microbial evolution was neither possible nor impossible.
In contrast, two of the three participants who rejected evolution nonetheless thought that microbial evolution was possible.
There was some erosion from the number of participants who thought microbial evolution was possible to the number who thought humans had evolved from prior animals.
Only one such participant (subject #13) said, 'part of the genes are I think being shared" although he did not think microbial evolution was possible, let alone that humans evolved from prior species.
The extensive diversity and ecological fitness experienced during microbial evolution was confirmed by studies on the distribution of phenazine genes in different phenazine-producing bacteria originating from various environmental niches [4], [5].
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Application of this mechanism to somatic and microbial evolution is discussed, including evolutionary processes in tumors, biofilms, and viral infections.
Furthermore, laboratory studies (i.e. experimental microbial evolution) are providing fundamental biological insight through direct observation of the evolution process.
Typically, evolutionary scenarios in microbial evolution are focused on the genealogical relationships between monophyletic groups.
Under the new view of the microbial world, the key unit of microbial evolution is not the genome of an individual bacterium or archaeon but rather the pangenome of a prokaryote species [ 17, 35– 35].
The classical model of microbial evolution is the 'periodic selection model,' which was supported by early experimental work in E. coli (Atwood et al., 1951) and has a long history in bacterial population genetics (e.g. Levin, 1981).
At the heart of microbial evolution is a process of genome streamlining that rapidly discards genetic material that is not under selection, a process that appears to carry an advantage to the organism (Lynch, 2006; Koskiniemi et al., 2012).
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